论文标题
孤立量子系统中的宏观叠加状态
Macroscopic Superposition States in Isolated Quantum Systems
论文作者
论文摘要
对于对哈密顿量的初始状态和弱假设的选择，经历了施罗宾格进化的大型孤立量子系统将大部分时间都花在宏观的叠加状态下。结果来自冯·诺伊曼（von Neumann）1929年的量子奇异定理。作为一个特定的例子，我们考虑一个包含实心球和一些气体分子的盒子。无论最初状态如何，系统都将演变为状态的量子叠加，而球在宏观上不同的位置。因此，尽管它们看起来很脆弱，但宏观的叠加状态是量子进化的无处不在后果。我们讨论与许多世界量子力学的联系。
For any choice of initial state and weak assumptions about the Hamiltonian, large isolated quantum systems undergoing Schrodinger evolution spend most of their time in macroscopic superposition states. The result follows from von Neumann's 1929 Quantum Ergodic Theorem. As a specific example, we consider a box containing a solid ball and some gas molecules. Regardless of the initial state, the system will evolve into a quantum superposition of states with the ball in macroscopically different positions. Thus, despite their seeming fragility, macroscopic superposition states are ubiquitous consequences of quantum evolution. We discuss the connection to many worlds quantum mechanics.
