论文标题
N体种群合成框架，用于在类似木星的行星周围形成月球
An N-body population synthesis framework for the formation of moons around Jupiter-like planets
论文作者
论文摘要
据信，巨型行星的卫星在圆周盘（CPD）的原位形成。在这里，我们提出了一个N体种群合成框架，用于围绕像木星的行星形成卫星形成，其中尘埃气比，原星盘的固体的增生速率，原始石材的数量和初始位置是从现实分布中随机选择的。圆盘特性来自在1D和2D网格中采样的3D辐射模拟，并随时间进行半分析。 N体卫星模拟盘的尘埃成分积聚，相互重力相互作用，经历了散射和碰撞的近距离感染者。随着这种改进的建模，我们发现大约$ 15 \％的人口人口比伽利略人更大，而且共鸣的$ 8.5 \％$。卫星在$ 10^5 $年中最常达到欧罗巴的质量。在$ 10 \％的案件中，卫星被星球吞没，$ 1 \％$ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ $ \％损失至少1个地球质量，则导致了巨型星球的巨大信封的沉重元素含量。在$ 1 \％$的案件中，我们发现了高于0.1的月经的偏心和倾向。我们检查了1D和2D光盘模型之间的结果差异以及使用的机器学习（随机依赖系数与T-SNE）将我们的人口与Galilean System进行比较。通过Transits和TTV检测我们的人口围绕已知的类似木星的行星，这是具有挑战性的，但是$ 14 \％的月亮$可能是工具性过境敏感性$ 10^{ - 5} $。
The moons of giant planets are believed to form in situ in Circumplanetary Discs (CPDs). Here we present an N-body population synthesis framework for satellite formation around a Jupiter-like planet, in which the dust-to-gas ratio, the accretion rate of solids from the Protoplanetary Disc, the number, and the initial positions of protosatellites were randomly chosen from realistic distributions. The disc properties were from 3D radiative simulations sampled in 1D and 2D grids and evolved semi-analytically with time. The N-body satellitesimals accreted mass from the dust component of the disc, interacted gravitationally with each other, experienced close-encounters, both scattering and colliding. With this improved modeling, we found that about $15\%$ of the resulting population is more massive than the Galilean one, and only $8.5\%$ were in resonances. The moons reach Europa's mass most frequently in $10^5$ years. In $10\%$ of the cases, moons are engulfed by the planet, and $1\%$ of the satellite-systems lose at least 1 Earth-mass into the planet, contributing to the giant planet's envelope's heavy element content. In $1\%$ of cases, we found eccentricities and inclinations of moons above 0.1. We examined the differences in outcome between the 1D and 2D disc models and used machine learning (Randomized Dependence Coefficient together with t-SNE) to compare our population with the Galilean system. Detecting our population around known transiting Jupiter-like planets via transits and TTVs would be challenging, but $14\%$ of the moons could be with an instrumental transit sensitivity of $10^{-5}$.
