论文标题
伦敦时刻，伦敦的超电势，nambu-goldstone模式和来自多体波功能的浆果连接
London moment, London's superpotential, Nambu-Goldstone mode, and Berry connection from many-body wave functions
论文作者
论文摘要
尽管基于BCS理论的超导性的标准理论是成功的，但有几个实验结果表明进行了基本修订的必要性。其中之一是伦敦时刻的弥撒。实验表明伦敦时刻的质量是自由电子质量，尽管BCS理论及其扩展预测其是有效的质量。 我们表明，如果我们在理论中安装了伦敦的超电势，并将其确定为由多体波函数引起的浆果相，则会消除这种差异。然后，与在标准理论中假定的线性响应电流相比，使用的磁场诱导的电流变成了使用自由能计算出的稳定电流，该线性响应电流产生了NAMBU-GOLDSTONE模式。标准理论中全球$ u（1）$量规不变性产生的nambu-goldstone模式被浆果连接产生的集体模式所取代。然后，免费电子质量出现在伦敦时刻。
Although the standard theory of superconductivity based on the BCS theory is a successful one, there are several experimental results that indicate the necessity for fundamental revisions. One of them is the mass in the London moment. Experiments indicate the mass in the London moment is the free electron mass although the BCS theory and its extension predict it to be an effective mass. We show that this discrepancy is lifted if we install the London's superpotential in the theory, and identify it as the Berry phase arising from the many-body wave functions. Then, the induced current by the applied magnetic field becomes a stable current calculated using the free energy in contrast to the linear response current assumed in the standard theory which yields the Nambu-Goldstone mode. The Nambu-Goldstone mode arising from the breakdown of the global $U(1)$ gauge invariance in the standard theory is replaced by the collective mode arising from the Berry connection. Then, the free electron mass appears in the London moment.
