论文标题

黑子小组数量的几个人群 - 解决一个难题

Several Populations of Sunspot Group Numbers -- Resolving a Conundrum

论文作者

Svalgaard, Leif

论文摘要

Clette等人最初解决了Sunspot数字记录与Hoyt and Schatten(1998,H&S)Sunspot Number Series系列之间的长期差异。 (2014年),黑子编号和小组编号系列的修订版。修订结果导致了一系列不同的小组编号序列,而经过修订的黑子数序列被普遍接受。因此,差异持续和混乱统治了,太阳活动数据集的选择继续是一个免费参数。社区的许多研讨会和后续合作努力尚未提出清晰度。我们在这里审查了几条证据,这些证据验证了Clette等人提出的原始修订。 (2014年),并建议认为的难题不再需要延迟对修订系列的接受和普遍使用。我们认为,太阳观测构成了几个不同的人群,这些人群具有不同的特性,可以解释该系列中的各种不连续性。这得到了几个代理的支持:地磁场的昼夜变化,地震磁场强度的地磁特征和放射性核素的变化。 Waldmeier效应表明,在过去的270年中,黑子数量量表没有变化,观察者狼和沃尔弗之间的量表因子错误地解释了1882年的黑子数和组编号的H&S重建的差异。具有18世纪望远镜的复制品(具有相似的光学缺陷)的观察结果验证了早期的Sunspot数量量表;尽管通过每月分辨率(具有更多自由度)的小组编号重建验证了修订系列的太阳周期11的大小,而反对系列则无法满足。

The long-standing disparity between the sunspot number record and the Hoyt and Schatten (1998, H&S) Group Sunspot Number series was initially resolved by the Clette et al. (2014) revision of the sunspot number and the group number series. The revisions resulted in a flurry of dissenting group number series while the revised sunspot number series was generally accepted. Thus, the disparity persisted and confusion reigned, with the choice of solar activity dataset continuing to be a free parameter. A number of workshops and follow-up collaborative efforts by the community have not yet brought clarity. We review here several lines of evidence that validate the original revisions put forward by Clette et al. (2014) and suggest that the perceived conundrum no longer need to delay acceptance and general use of the revised series. We argue that the solar observations constitute several distinct populations with different properties which explain the various discontinuities in the series. This is supported by several proxies: diurnal variation of the geomagnetic field, geomagnetic signature of the strength of the heliomagnetic field, and variation of radionuclides. The Waldmeier effect shows that the sunspot number scale has not changed over the last 270 years and a mistaken scale factor between observers Wolf and Wolfer explains the disparity beginning in 1882 between the sunspot number and the H&S reconstruction of the group number. Observations with replica of 18th century telescopes (with similar optical flaws) validate the early sunspot number scale; while a reconstruction of the group number with monthly resolution (with many more degrees of freedom) validate the size of Solar Cycle 11 given by the revised series that the dissenting series fail to meet.

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