论文标题
量子理论的概率理论和重建（Les Houches 2019讲义）
Probabilistic Theories and Reconstructions of Quantum Theory (Les Houches 2019 lecture notes)
论文作者
论文摘要
这些讲义提供了对广义概率理论（GPT）框架的基本介绍，以及简单操作原理中量子理论（QT）重建的草图。为了建立一些直觉，即与量子相比，物理学如何更笼统，我提出了两个可以想象的现象，即QT超出QT：SuperStrong非局部性和高阶干扰。然后，我介绍了GPT的框架，概括了量子和经典概率理论。最后，我总结了QT的重建，从层析成像局部性，连续可逆性和子空间公理的原理中进行了重建。特别是，我展示了为什么Bloch球描述了一个量子位，为什么它是三维的，以及如何获得QT通常表示的复数和操作员。
These lecture notes provide a basic introduction to the framework of generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs) and a sketch of a reconstruction of quantum theory (QT) from simple operational principles. To build some intuition for how physics could be even more general than quantum, I present two conceivable phenomena beyond QT: superstrong nonlocality and higher-order interference. Then I introduce the framework of GPTs, generalizing both quantum and classical probability theory. Finally, I summarize a reconstruction of QT from the principles of Tomographic Locality, Continuous Reversibility, and the Subspace Axiom. In particular, I show why a quantum bit is described by a Bloch ball, why it is three-dimensional, and how one obtains the complex numbers and operators of the usual representation of QT.
