论文标题

3-D视觉系统中量化误差的体积计算

Volumetric Calculation of Quantization Error in 3-D Vision Systems

论文作者

Bohacek, Eleni, Coates, Andrew J., Selviah, David R.

论文摘要

本文研究了相机传感器的固有量化如何在3-D映射过程中观察到的特征的计算位置中引入不确定性。通常假定像素和场景特征是要点,但是,像素是一个二维区域,可将其映射到场景中的多个点上。该不确定性区域是计算点位置中量化误差的绑定。较早的研究通过将像素从像素将金字塔和锥体投射到场景中,计算了两个相交的像素视图的体积,近似为Cuboid。在本文中,我们通过生成一系列场景点并计算每个相机中哪个像素检测到哪些场景点来逆转这种方法。这使我们能够在一个计算中为给定相机系统的每个像素对应的不确定性区域映射,而无需近似复杂的形状。不确定性区域对摄像机基线长度,焦距,像素大小和对象的距离的依赖性表明,早期的研究将量化误差高于至少两个因子。对于静态摄像头系统,该方法还可以用于确定体积场景几何形状,而无需计算差异图。

This paper investigates how the inherent quantization of camera sensors introduces uncertainty in the calculated position of an observed feature during 3-D mapping. It is typically assumed that pixels and scene features are points, however, a pixel is a two-dimensional area that maps onto multiple points in the scene. This uncertainty region is a bound for quantization error in the calculated point positions. Earlier studies calculated the volume of two intersecting pixel views, approximated as a cuboid, by projecting pyramids and cones from the pixels into the scene. In this paper, we reverse this approach by generating an array of scene points and calculating which scene points are detected by which pixel in each camera. This enables us to map the uncertainty regions for every pixel correspondence for a given camera system in one calculation, without approximating the complex shapes. The dependence of the volumes of the uncertainty regions on camera baseline length, focal length, pixel size, and distance to object, shows that earlier studies overestimated the quantization error by at least a factor of two. For static camera systems the method can also be used to determine volumetric scene geometry without the need to calculate disparity maps.

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