论文标题
反事实动力学：从缺乏宏观变化中提取工作
Counterfactual Thermodynamics: Extracting work from a lack of macroscopic change
论文作者
论文摘要
A sudden change in the macroscopic parameters of a system will cause it to depart from equilibrium. In this paper we study how a lack of change can also inform of such a departure, and allow for work extraction.未实现的潜在事件可以提供与系统的微晶格有关的信息，从本质上讲是被动的麦克斯韦恶魔的作用，从而允许一个人推断有关微晶格概率分布的详细信息。在这里，我们首先定性地认为，这种效果几乎在每个物理系统中都存在，因此在平衡统计力学的标准配方中被忽略。然后，作为一个案例研究，我们对放置在脆弱容器中的理想气体的局部和全局热力学特性进行了定量研究，但并未破裂。 This non-event indicates a departure from equilibrium and allows work extraction from the system. It also leads to corrections to the heat capacity of the gas.
A sudden change in the macroscopic parameters of a system will cause it to depart from equilibrium. In this paper we study how a lack of change can also inform of such a departure, and allow for work extraction. Potential events that are unrealized can provide information pertaining the microstates of the system, essentially playing the role of a passive Maxwell demon, thereby allowing one to infer details about the microstate probability distribution. Here, we first qualitatively argue that this effect is present and consequential in almost every physical system, but is ignored in the standard formulation of equilibrium statistical mechanics. Then, as a case study, we quantitatively investigate the local and global thermodynamic properties of an ideal gas placed in a fragile container that nevertheless, does not burst. This non-event indicates a departure from equilibrium and allows work extraction from the system. It also leads to corrections to the heat capacity of the gas.
