论文标题
人群:一种估计(而不是模拟)人群疏散参数的方法
CrowdEst: A Method for Estimating (and not Simulating) Crowd Evacuation Parameters in Generic Environments
论文作者
论文摘要
疏散计划从历史上一直用作建筑物建设的安全措施。现有的人群模拟器需要完全模拟的3D环境,并需要足够的时间来准备和模拟场景,在这里需要控制人群的分布和行为。此外,其人口,路线甚至门和通道可能会发生变化,因此必须相应地更新3D模型和配置。这是一项耗时的任务,通常必须在人群模拟器中解决。考虑到这一点,我们提出了一种新颖的方法来估计给定疏散场景的结果数据,而无需实际模拟它。因此,我们将环境分为具有不同配置的较小的模块化房间,并以分裂和构造的方式进行。接下来,我们训练一个人工神经网络,以估计有关撤离单人间的所有必需数据。从每个房间收集估计的数据后,我们开发了一种能够汇总每间客房信息的启发式方法,以便可以正确评估完整的环境。与现实生活环境中的疏散时间相比,我们的方法的平均误差为5%。我们的人群估计器方法具有多个优点,例如不需要建模3D环境,也不需要学习如何使用和配置人群模拟器,这意味着任何用户都可以轻松使用它。此外,估计撤离数据(推理时间)的计算时间实际上是零,即使与实时人群模拟器中的最佳情况相比,这也更好。
Evacuation plans have been historically used as a safety measure for the construction of buildings. The existing crowd simulators require fully-modeled 3D environments and enough time to prepare and simulate scenarios, where the distribution and behavior of the crowd needs to be controlled. In addition, its population, routes or even doors and passages may change, so the 3D model and configurations have to be updated accordingly. This is a time-consuming task that commonly has to be addressed within the crowd simulators. With that in mind, we present a novel approach to estimate the resulting data of a given evacuation scenario without actually simulating it. For such, we divide the environment into smaller modular rooms with different configurations, in a divide-and-conquer fashion. Next, we train an artificial neural network to estimate all required data regarding the evacuation of a single room. After collecting the estimated data from each room, we develop a heuristic capable of aggregating per-room information so the full environment can be properly evaluated. Our method presents an average error of 5% when compared to evacuation time in a real-life environment. Our crowd estimator approach has several advantages, such as not requiring to model the 3D environment, nor learning how to use and configure a crowd simulator, which means any user can easily use it. Furthermore, the computational time to estimate evacuation data (inference time) is virtually zero, which is much better even when compared to the best-case scenario in a real-time crowd simulator.