论文标题
耗散范围远离平衡的过渡速率的扩增
Dissipation bounds the amplification of transition rates far from equilibrium
论文作者
论文摘要
复杂的系统可以转换由非平衡力赋予的能量，以调节它们在长期存在状态之间过渡的速度。尽管这种行为在自然和合成系统中无处不在，但目前尚无通用框架将过渡速率提高与消散的能量的联系，也没有限制给定能量支出可实现的增强功能。我们采用统计热力学的最新进展来构建这样的框架，该框架可用于获得远离平衡的过渡的机械洞察力。我们表明，在一般条件下，有一个基本的速度限制，该速度限制在整个过渡过程中散发出的典型过量热量以及可实现的速率放大。我们在以自主和确定性的外部强迫协议驱动的系统中扩散屏障交叉的规范示例说明了这种权衡。在这两种情况下，我们都发现我们的速度限制严重限制了速率的提高。
Complex systems can convert energy imparted by nonequilibrium forces to regulate how quickly they transition between long lived states. While such behavior is ubiquitous in natural and synthetic systems, currently there is no general framework to relate the enhancement of a transition rate to the energy dissipated, or to bound the enhancement achievable for a given energy expenditure. We employ recent advances in statistical thermodynamics to build such a framework, which can be used to gain mechanistic insight on transitions far from equilibrium. We show that under general conditions, there is a basic speed-limit relating the typical excess heat dissipated throughout a transition and the rate amplification achievable. We illustrate this trade-off in canonical examples of diffusive barrier crossings in systems driven with autonomous and deterministic external forcing protocols. In both cases, we find that our speed limit tightly constrains the rate enhancement.
