论文标题
通过纯粹的扩散操作恢复加德纳的重击
Recovering Gardner Restacking with Purely Diffusive Operations
论文作者
论文摘要
可以从初始六维相空间分布中提取的最大粒子动能激发了自由或可用能量的概念。自由能取决于可以执行的允许操作。等离子体理论处理的基础的关键概念是Gardner自由能，允许在相等相体积的内容物之间交换。第二个自由能概念是扩散的自由能，其中平均体积的内容是平均的。对于任何相位空间的有限离散化，已知扩散的自由能小于Gardner自由能。但是，尽管这些自由能之间存在明显的基本差异，但这里证明，Gardner自由能可以从扩散的自由能的连续极限中回收，这使得可以通过表面上熵产生的显微镜操作来实现宏观相位空间保护。
The maximum particle kinetic energy that can be extracted from an initial six-dimensional phase space distribution motivates the concept of free or available energy. The free energy depends on the allowed operations that can be performed. A key concept underlying the theoretical treatment of plasmas is the Gardner free energy, where the exchange of the contents of equal phase volumes is allowed. A second free energy concept is the diffusive free energy, in which the contents of volumes are instead averaged. For any finite discretization of phase space, the diffusive free energy is known to be less than the Gardner free energy. However, despite the apparent fundamental differences between these free energies, it is demonstrated here that the Gardner free energy may be recovered from the continuous limit of the diffusive free energy, leading to the surprise that macroscopic phase-space conservation can be achieved by ostensibly entropy-producing microscopic operations.
