论文标题
宇宙射线生产和运输以及伽马射线和中微子排放的建模
Modeling of Cosmic-Ray Production and Transport and Estimation of Gamma-Ray and Neutrino Emissions in Starburst Galaxies
论文作者
论文摘要
Starburst星系（SBG）具有大量的巨星和超新星（SN）爆炸是活跃的宇宙射线生产的场所。基于非线性扩散性休克加速度理论的预测，我们通过核心 - 循环（SWS）和超新星残留物（SNRS）在Starburst核内的核心散发sne对宇宙射线质子（CRP）的产生进行了建模。我们采用不同模型来运输CRP，估计由于附近SBG（例如M82，NGC253和ARP220）的$ PP $碰撞而导致的$γ$ ray和中微子排放。我们发现，随着Fermi-Lat，Veritas和H.E.S.S.当前的$γ$ ray-Rays观察，很难限制CRP的产量和运输模型。然而，通过（1）通过（1）单个幂律（PL）动量分布组合的SNR生产CRP的组合以及CRP扩散是由强大的Kolmogorov-typ-typ湍流介导的扩散模型，$ΔB/b \ sim1 $和（2）散布cr cr的组合和（2）cred cr的组合和（2）crs的组合和（2）主要由自兴的波，而不是先前存在的湍流控制。在ARP220中，SW产生的CRP的贡献可能很大，在ARP220中，恒星形成速率较高，并且初始质量函数的斜率将是更扁平的。我们建议在应用乐观的模型时，M82和NGC253可以作为即将到来的KM3NET和ICECUBE-GEN2中高能中微子的点来源检测到。未来对中微子以及$γ$ - 砂的观察将为SBG中CRP的生产和扩散提供限制。
Starburst galaxies (SBGs) with copious massive stars and supernova (SN) explosions are the sites of active cosmic-ray production. Based on the predictions of nonlinear diffusive shock acceleration theory, we model the cosmic-ray proton (CRP) production by both pre-SN stellar winds (SWs) and supernova remnants (SNRs) from core-collapse SNe inside the starburst nucleus. Adopting different models for the transport of CRPs, we estimate the $γ$-ray and neutrino emissions due to $pp$ collisions from nearby SBGs such as M82, NGC253, and Arp220. We find that with the current $γ$-rays observations by Fermi-LAT, Veritas, and H.E.S.S., it would be difficult to constrain CRP production and transport models. Yet, the observations are better reproduced with (1) the combination of the single power-law (PL) momentum distribution for SNR-produced CRPs and the diffusion model in which the CRP diffusion is mediated by the strong Kolmogorov-type turbulence of $δB/B\sim1$, and (2) the combination of the double PL model for SNR-produced CRPs and the diffusion model in which the scattering of CRPs is controlled mostly by self-excited waves rather than the pre-existing turbulence. The contribution of SW-produced CRPs could be substantial in Arp220, where the star formation rate is higher and the slope of the initial mass function would be flatter. We suggest that M82 and NGC253 might be detectable as point sources of high-energy neutrinos in the upcoming KM3NET and IceCube-Gen2, when optimistic models are applied. Future observations of neutrinos as well as $γ$-rays would provide constraints for the production and diffusion of CRPs in SBGs.
