论文标题
o $ _2 $/o $ _3 $的非检测信息，以luvoir的方式告知类似地球的行星的频率
Non-detection of O$_2$/O$_3$ informs frequency of Earth-like planets with LUVOIR but not HabEx
论文作者
论文摘要
寻找外星生命的一个关键问题是，在地球的氧合历史之后，它们的生命逐渐使他们的大气占据大致的氧化。可以通过在Habex或Luvoir检测到的ExoEarth上搜索O $ _2 $和O $ _3 $来统计地回答这个问题。本文的目的是比较Habex和Luvoir的能力，以防止对此问题产生虚假的负面答案，在该问题中，即使所有exoEarth都类似地球，我们也不会在任何星球上检测到O $ _2 $或O $ _3 $。我们的方法是分配o $ _2 $和o $ _3 $值从地球历史记录中提取的值，以分配可检测到的exoearths的分布，并确定使用行星频谱生成器是否可以检测到o $ _2 $和o $ _3 $。我们发现，如果exoearths倾向于像地球一样，我们希望用luvoir尺寸的仪器检测到o $ _3 $。我们还发现，在靶向的外观上寻找类似地球的生命的背景下，Luvoir不太可能患有虚假的负面情况。因此，如果luvoir在任何exoearths上未检测到o $ _2 $或o $ _3 $，我们将能够限制最大的exoearth数量，而这些earths可能是地球样的。相比之下，我们发现，即使所有exoearth均类似地球，Habex也有22％的机会不检测到任何一个的o $ _2 $或O $ _3 $。这是因为Habex将在所有潜在的蛋白质水平上检测到较少的行星，并且无法可靠地检测到O $ _2 $和O $ _3 $。如果我们想确定exoearths是否倾向于像地球一样，这是建造较大的望远镜（例如luvoir）的强烈论点。
A critical question in the search for extraterrestrial life is whether exoEarths are Earth-like, in that they host life that progressively oxygenates their atmospheres roughly following Earth's oxygenation history. This question could be answered statistically by searching for O$_2$ and O$_3$ on exoEarths detected by HabEx or LUVOIR. The point of this paper is to compare the ability of HabEx and LUVOIR to prevent a false negative answer to this question, in which we do not detect O$_2$ or O$_3$ on any planet even if all exoEarths are Earth-like. Our approach is to assign O$_2$ and O$_3$ values drawn from Earth's history to a distribution of detectable exoEarths and determine whether O$_2$ and O$_3$ would be detectable using the Planetary Spectrum Generator. We find that if exoEarths tend to be Earth-like, we expect to detect O$_3$ with a LUVOIR-sized instrument. We also find that LUVOIR is unlikely to have a false negative scenario in the context of searching for Earth-like life on its targeted exoEarths. Because of that, if LUVOIR does not detect O$_2$ or O$_3$ on any exoEarths, we will be able to constrain the maximum number of exoEarths that could be Earth-like. In contrast, we find that even if all exoEarths are Earth-like, HabEx has up to a 22% chance of not detecting O$_2$ or O$_3$ on any of them. This is because HabEx will detect less planets and cannot reliably detect O$_2$ and O$_3$ at all potential Proterozoic levels. This is a strong argument for building a larger telescope such as LUVOIR if we want to determine whether exoEarths tend to be Earth-like.
