论文标题
具有多个天线的对抗性攻击针对基于深度学习的调制分类器
Adversarial Attacks with Multiple Antennas Against Deep Learning-Based Modulation Classifiers
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑一个无线通信系统,其中发射器将信号发送给具有不同调制类型的接收器,而接收器则使用其基于深度学习的分类器对接收信号的调制类型进行分类。同时,对手使用其多个天线传递对抗性扰动,以欺骗分类器错误分类接收的信号。从对抗性机器学习的角度来看,我们展示了如何利用对手的多个天线来改善对抗(逃避)攻击性能。在利用对手的多个天线时,考虑了两个要点,即天线之间的功率分配和通道多样性的利用。首先,我们表明,与使用相同的总功率具有多个天线的对手相比,多个具有单个天线的独立对手不能改善攻击性能。然后,我们考虑各种方法来在一个对手下在多个天线中分配权力,例如将功率分配给一个天线,以及与通道增益成正比或成反比的。通过利用通道多样性,我们引入了攻击,以通过符号级别的频道增益最大的通道传输对抗性扰动。我们表明,与在不同通道条件下的其他攻击相比,在跨天线的通道方差和通道相关性方面,这种攻击可显着降低分类器的精度。此外,我们表明,随着对手天线的数量增加,攻击成功大大提高,可以更好地利用渠道多样性来制作对抗性攻击。
We consider a wireless communication system, where a transmitter sends signals to a receiver with different modulation types while the receiver classifies the modulation types of the received signals using its deep learning-based classifier. Concurrently, an adversary transmits adversarial perturbations using its multiple antennas to fool the classifier into misclassifying the received signals. From the adversarial machine learning perspective, we show how to utilize multiple antennas at the adversary to improve the adversarial (evasion) attack performance. Two main points are considered while exploiting the multiple antennas at the adversary, namely the power allocation among antennas and the utilization of channel diversity. First, we show that multiple independent adversaries, each with a single antenna cannot improve the attack performance compared to a single adversary with multiple antennas using the same total power. Then, we consider various ways to allocate power among multiple antennas at a single adversary such as allocating power to only one antenna, and proportional or inversely proportional to the channel gain. By utilizing channel diversity, we introduce an attack to transmit the adversarial perturbation through the channel with the largest channel gain at the symbol level. We show that this attack reduces the classifier accuracy significantly compared to other attacks under different channel conditions in terms of channel variance and channel correlation across antennas. Also, we show that the attack success improves significantly as the number of antennas increases at the adversary that can better utilize channel diversity to craft adversarial attacks.