论文标题
在与标准模型物质耦合的立方体galileon上的约束
Constraints on a cubic Galileon disformally coupled to Standard Model matter
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑标准模型物质与立方体加利昂标量扇区之间的异常耦合，该耦合被认为是解决宇宙学常数问题的其他物理学的遗物，而不是本身就是解决方案。这使得Galileon标量携带的能量密度足够小，以至于它从综合的Sachs-Wolfe效应中逃避了严格的约束，否则这些效应将排除了立方体的Galileon理论。尽管具有非正式耦合的模型未表现出筛选，但我们显示存在一种“筛选”现象，在物质统治过程中，当二次和立方体的galileon操作员是相关的，而Quadratic部门具有稳定的kinetic术语，则在物质统治过程中抑制了Galileon标量的能量密度。在存在异形耦合的情况下，我们获得了麦克斯韦方程的显式3+1形式，以及控制电磁波的波方程。已知该偶联会产生一个小质量，从而改变它们的传播速度。我们使用WKB近似来研究该理论中的电磁波，并表明，尽管最近有明显的限制，这些限制限制了限制了电磁辐射和重力辐射之间传播速度的差异，而电磁辐射和重力辐射之间的差异大约是1^{15} $ nife 7中的$ 1零件，例如，该事件的差异很差，但该范围的差异很差，却是7^{15} $，但造成的距离为7，但距离的距离为7，但构成的距离很差，但构成的距离是约束的7个。电磁辐射在不同波长下。
We consider a disformal coupling between Standard Model matter and a cubic Galileon scalar sector, assumed to be a relict of some other physics that solves the cosmological constant problem rather than a solution in its own right. This allows the energy density carried by the Galileon scalar to be sufficiently small that it evades stringent constraints from the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect, which otherwise rules out the cubic Galileon theory. Although the model with disformal coupling does not exhibit screening, we show there is a `screening-like' phenomenon in which the energy density carried by the Galileon scalar is suppressed during matter domination when the quadratic and cubic Galileon operators are both relevant and the quadratic sector has a stable kinetic term. We obtain the explicit 3+1 form of Maxwell's equations in the presence of the disformal coupling, and the wave equations that govern electromagnetic waves. The disformal coupling is known to generate a small mass that modifies their velocity of propagation. We use the WKB approximation to study electromagnetic waves in this theory and show that, despite remarkable recent constraints from the LIGO/Virgo observatories that restrict the difference in propagation velocity between electromagnetic and gravitational radiation to roughly 1 part in $10^{15}$, the disformal coupling is too weak to be constrained by events such as GW170817 or by the dispersion of electromagnetic radiation at different wavelengths.
