论文标题
亚历山大·布鲁斯（Alexander Bruce），苏格兰偶然的“科学革命性”
Alexander Bruce, Scotland's accidental 'Scientific Revolutionary'
论文作者
论文摘要
17世纪中叶取得了前所未有的科学进步。随着中世纪的真正结束，科学革命已经开始。但是，科学进步并不总是沿着精心计划的轨迹进行。偶然的相遇和纯粹的运气具有重要的作用，尽管在17世纪比今天更重要。在这种情况下，苏格兰商人和以前的保皇党流亡者亚历山大·布鲁斯（Alexander Bruce，1629 - 1680年）发现自己在正确的地方处于正确的位置，为当代的自然哲学家（例如Christiaan Huygens，Robert Moray和Robert Moray和Robert Hooke as eonnial as eyne of Sorence of Sorence of Sorenn of Sorenn of Soren''的现代自然哲学家所倡导的新生的摆动时钟设计付出了重大创新。布鲁斯（Bruce）与新成立的伦敦皇家学会最聪明的人的联系极大地增强了布鲁斯在科学和工程上的利益。从失败者的职位开始，他的创新很快就超越了该时代著名学者的成就，使他能够进行一些可行的海洋计时员的首次有前途的海洋试验。随着时间的流逝，国际合作成为国际竞争，鲜为人知的苏格兰发明很快成为主流时钟设计的一部分。
The mid-17th century saw unprecedented scientific progress. With the Middle Ages well and truly over, the Scientific Revolution had begun. However, scientific advancement does not always proceed along well-planned trajectories. Chance encounters and sheer luck have important roles to play, although more so in the 17th century than today. In this context, the Scottish businessman and erstwhile royalist exile, Alexander Bruce (1629--1680), found himself in the right place at the right time to contribute significant innovations to the nascent pendulum clock design championed by contemporary natural philosophers such as Christiaan Huygens, Robert Moray, and Robert Hooke as the solution to the perennial 'longitude problem.' Bruce's fledgling interests in science and engineering were greatly boosted by his association with the brightest minds of the newly established Royal Society of London. From an underdog position, his innovations soon outdid the achievements of the era's celebrated scholars, enabling him to conduct some of the first promising sea trials of viable marine timekeepers. International collaboration became international rivalry as time went on, with little known Scottish inventions soon becoming part of mainstream clock designs.
