论文标题
具有宽带高频灵敏度的重力波检测器
Gravitational wave detectors with broadband high frequency sensitivity
论文作者
论文摘要
在灵感阶段,引力波检测器观察到了二进制中子恒星的聚合GW170817,但是1-5 kHz带中的灵敏度不足以观察到合并本身的预期核物质特征和黑洞形成的过程。这为提高1--5 kHz灵敏度提供了强大的动力,该灵敏度目前受到光子射击噪声的限制。通过信号回收通过信号回收的共振增强,通常以带宽为代价来提高信号与噪声比。已经提出了光机电白光信号回收(WLSR)的概念,但迄今为止,所有计划都依赖于开发合适的超低机械损耗组件。在这里,我们首次展示了符合WLSR干涉仪的损失要求,其应变灵敏度低于10 $^{ - 24} $ hz $^{ - 1/2} $,在几个kHz下,符合WLSR干涉仪的损失要求。两个谐振器的实验数据与类似于LIGO的4公里干涉仪的分析模型相结合,以表现出比同一长度的双重恢复的Fabry-Perot Michelson探测器的中子恒星合并频率更广泛的敏感性增强。一个候选谐振器是一种通过音调晶体从环境中分离出的氮化膜。另一个是一个支持大量声学纵向波的单晶石英镜。尽管散装声波谐振器可提供更好的热噪声性能,但光功率需求可能更喜欢膜谐振器。两者都可以作为现有检测器的附加组件实现。
The binary neutron star coalescence GW170817 was observed by gravitational wave detectors during the inspiral phase but sensitivity in the 1-5 kHz band was insufficient to observe the expected nuclear matter signature of the merger itself, and the process of black hole formation. This provides strong motivation for improving 1--5 kHz sensitivity which is currently limited by photon shot noise. Resonant enhancement by signal recycling normally improves the signal to noise ratio at the expense of bandwidth. The concept of optomechanical white light signal recycling (WLSR) has been proposed, but all schemes to date have been reliant on the development of suitable ultra-low mechanical loss components. Here for the first time we show demonstrated optomechanical resonator structures that meet the loss requirements for a WLSR interferometer with strain sensitivity below 10$^{-24}$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ at a few kHz. Experimental data for two resonators are combined with analytic models of 4km interferometers similar to LIGO, to demonstrate sensitivity enhancement across a much broader band of neutron star coalescence frequencies than dual-recycled Fabry-Perot Michelson detectors of the same length. One candidate resonator is a silicon nitride membrane acoustically isolated from the environment by a phononic crystal. The other is a single-crystal quartz lens that supports bulk acoustic longitudinal waves. Optical power requirements could prefer the membrane resonator, although the bulk acoustic wave resonator gives somewhat better thermal noise performance. Both could be implemented as add-on components to existing detectors.