论文标题

负动能元稳定吗?

Is negative kinetic energy meta-stable?

论文作者

Gross, Christian, Strumia, Alessandro, Teresi, Daniele, Zirilli, Matteo

论文摘要

我们探讨了具有负动能(幽灵)的理论可以元稳定到宇宙学上很长时间的可能性。在古典力学中,鬼魂会自发锁定,而不是偶联且非谐音。显示了这种现象的实例。在量子力学中,这会导致类似于真空衰减的元稳定性。在古典田地理论中,锁定因共振和幽灵的统计范围而打破,由于不存在热平衡而朝着无限的熵漂移。我们通过分析和数值计算出逃跑率发现,在4源性重力中它在宇宙学上的速度很慢,其中幽灵仅具有重力相互作用。在量子场理论中,幽灵失败的速率在扰动理论中是天真的无限,类似于早期尝试计算真空隧道的尝试。我们不知道真正的速度。

We explore the possibility that theories with negative kinetic energy (ghosts) can be meta-stable up to cosmologically long times. In classical mechanics, ghosts undergo spontaneous lockdown rather than run-away if weakly-coupled and non-resonant. Physical examples of this phenomenon are shown. In quantum mechanics this leads to meta-stability similar to vacuum decay. In classical field theory, lockdown is broken by resonances and ghosts behave statistically, drifting towards infinite entropy as no thermal equilibrium exists. We analytically and numerically compute the run-away rate finding that it is cosmologically slow in 4-derivative gravity, where ghosts have gravitational interactions only. In quantum field theory the ghost run-away rate is naively infinite in perturbation theory, analogously to what found in early attempts to compute vacuum tunnelling; we do not know the true rate.

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