论文标题
纳米级实时检测Millikelvin温度下的量子涡旋
Nanoscale Real-Time Detection of Quantum Vortices at Millikelvin Temperatures
论文作者
论文摘要
由于我们仍然缺乏经典湍流理论，因此注意力集中在量子流体中概念上更简单的湍流上。这种相同的单一量化涡流系统可以提供经典同行的物理上访问的“玩具模型”？也就是说，我们迄今缺乏能够对量子湍流所涉及的广泛长度尺度的实时，无创探测器的检测器。但是，我们在这里证明了纳米级谐振光束以10 mk为$^4 $ He对量子涡度的实时检测。基本思想是，我们可以沿着纳米梁的长度捕获单个涡流，并将过渡视为被困或释放，将其视为涡流，我们通过梁的谐振频率的变化来观察。通过调整叉源，我们可以控制环境涡度密度，并遵循其对涡旋捕获和释放速率的影响。但是，最重要的是，我们表明这些设备能够在微米尺度上探测湍流。
Since we still lack a theory of classical turbulence, attention has focused on the conceptually simpler turbulence in quantum fluids. Can such systems of identical singly-quantized vortices provide a physically accessible "toy model" of the classical counterpart? That said, we have hitherto lacked detectors capable of the real-time, non-invasive probing of the wide range of length scales involved in quantum turbulence. However, we demonstrate here the real-time detection of quantum vortices by a nanoscale resonant beam in superfluid $^4$He at 10 mK. The basic idea is that we can trap a single vortex along the length of a nanobeam and observe the transitions as a vortex is either trapped or released, which we observe through the shift in the resonant frequency of the beam. With a tuning fork source, we can control the ambient vorticity density and follow its influence on the vortex capture and release rates. But, most important, we show that these devices are capable of probing turbulence on the micron scale.
