论文标题
使用CMS上的重离子碰撞审查结果
Review of results using heavy ion collisions at CMS
论文作者
论文摘要
实验室中的超幼体重离子碰撞为在极端温度（$ {\ ot} 150 \，\ mathrm {mev} $）和密度（$ {\ lib} 1 \，\，\ Mathrm {gev}/{ggev}/{$ mathrmmatrmmmatrm}^3 $ {3 $}^3333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333的实验室提供了一个独特的机会来研究量子彩色动力学（QCD）（QCD）。在过去的十年中，LHC的实验结果显示了进一步的证据表明形成夸克 - 杜伦等离子体（QGP），这一相被认为可以渗透到早期宇宙，并在高密度中子星核中形成。还测试了各种QCD预测，这些预测还测试了低$ x $ gluon核密度的行为，这是一个探索较差的区域。由于每个离子尺度的光子通量作为发射电荷的平方$ z^2 $，因此与核素核子碰撞相比，到目前为止难以捉摸的光子诱导的过程的横截面极高地增强。在这里，我们回顾了CMS测量粒子产生的最新进展，具有较大的横向动量或质量，光子引起的过程，喷射诱导的介质反应和大量的夸克产生。这些高精度数据以及新颖的方法对初始状态，QGP形成和传输参数，甚至是标准模型之外的参数化提供了严格的约束。
Ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the laboratory provide a unique chance to study quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme temperature (${\approx}150\,\mathrm{MeV}$) and density (${\approx}1\,\mathrm{GeV}/\mathrm{fm}^3$) conditions. Over the past decade, experimental results from LHC have shown further evidence for the formation of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), a phase that is thought to permeate the early Universe and is formed in the high-density neutron-star cores. Various QCD predictions that model the behavior of the low-$x$ gluon nuclear density, a poorly explored region, are also tested. Since the photon flux per ion scales as the square of the emitting electric charge $Z^2$, cross sections of so far elusive photon-induced processes are extremely enhanced as compared to nucleon-nucleon collisions. Here, we review recent progress on CMS measurements of particle production with large transverse momentum or mass, photon-initiated processes, jet-induced medium response, and heavy quark production. These high-precision data, along with novel approaches, offer stringent constraints on initial state, QGP formation and transport parameters, and even parametrizations beyond the standard model.
