论文标题
暴露：一个大流行期间限制空间改造人群模型的乘员暴露模型
EXPOSED: An occupant exposure model for confined spaces to retrofit crowd models during a pandemic
论文作者
论文摘要
人群模型可用于模拟建筑环境中的人运动。人群模型的输出已用于评估行人的安全和舒适度，为人群管理提供信息并进行法医调查。微观人群模型允许每个人的代表以及有关其位置随时间以及与物理空间/其他人的互动的信息获得。鉴于建筑物居住者有疾病传播的风险，诸如Covid-19之类的Pandemics提出了几个问题。在这里，我们展示了如何使用人群建模来评估狭窄空间中的乘员接触。关于在大流行期间建筑物使用和社会疏远的政策可能会有很大差异，并且它们主要基于对疾病传播的宏观分析，而不是在建筑水平上进行的安全评估。提出的模型允许根据显微镜运动的分析来调查建筑物中居住者的接触。风险评估是通过使用通用模型改造人群模型进行暴露评估来进行的，该模型可以解释不同类型的疾病传播。这项工作使决策者可以在大流行期间执行有关建筑物使用情况的明智决定。
Crowd models can be used for the simulation of people movement in the built environment. Crowd model outputs have been used for evaluating safety and comfort of pedestrians, inform crowd management and perform forensic investigations. Microscopic crowd models allow the representation of each person and the obtainment of information concerning their location over time and interactions with the physical space/other people. Pandemics such as COVID-19 have posed several questions on safe building usage, given the risk of disease transmission among building occupants. Here we show how crowd modelling can be used to assess occupant exposure in confined spaces. The policies adopted concerning building usage and social distancing during a pandemic can vary greatly, and they are mostly based on the macroscopic analysis of the spread of disease rather than a safety assessment performed at a building level. The proposed model allows the investigation of occupant exposure in buildings based on the analysis of microscopic people movement. Risk assessment is performed by retrofitting crowd models with a universal model for exposure assessment which can account for different types of disease transmissions. This work allows policy makers to perform informed decisions concerning building usage during a pandemic.
