多行星系统TOI-421-温暖的海王星和超级蓬松的迷你新闻，在视觉二进制中转移了G9 V星星

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多行星系统TOI-421-温暖的海王星和超级蓬松的迷你新闻，在视觉二进制中转移了G9 V星星

The multi-planet system TOI-421 -- A warm Neptune and a super puffy mini-Neptune transiting a G9 V star in a visual binary

论文作者

Carleo, Ilaria, Gandolfi, Davide, Barragán, Oscar, Livingston, John H., Persson, Carina M., Lam, Kristine W. F., Vidotto, Aline, Lund, Michael B., D'Angelo, Carolina Villarreal, Collins, Karen A., Fossati, Luca, Howard, Andrew W., Kubyshkina, Daria, Brahm, Rafael, Oklopčić, Antonija, Mollière, Paul, Redfield, Seth, Serrano, Luisa Maria, Dai, Fei, Fridlund, Malcolm, Borsa, Francesco, Korth, Judith, Esposito, Massimiliano, Díaz, Matías R., Nielsen, Louise Dyregaard, Hellier, Coel, Mathur, Savita, Deeg, Hans J., Hatzes, Artie P., Benatti, Serena, Rodler, Florian, Alarcon, Javier, Spina, Lorenzo, Santos, Ângela R. G., Georgieva, Iskra, García, Rafael A., González-Cuesta, Lucía, Ricker, George R., Vanderspek, Roland, Latham, David W., Seager, Sara, Winn, Joshua N., Jenkins, Jon M., Albrecht, Simon, Batalha, Natalie M., Beard, Corey, Boyd, Patricia T., Bouchy, François, Burt, Jennifer A., Butler, R. Paul, Cabrera, Juan, Chontos, Ashley, Ciardi, David, Cochran, William D., Collins, Kevin I., Crane, Jeffrey D., Crossfield, Ian, Csizmadia, Szilard, Dragomir, Diana, Dressing, Courtney, Eigmüller, Philipp, Endl, Michael, Erikson, Anders, Espinoza, Nestor, Fausnaugh, Michael, Feng, Fabo, Flowers, Erin, Fulton, Benjamin, Gonzales, Erica J., Grieves, Nolan, Grziwa, Sascha, Guenther, Eike W., Guerrero, Natalia M., Henning, Thomas, Hidalgo, Diego, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hjorth, Maria, Huber, Daniel, Isaacson, Howard, Jones, Matias, Jordán, Andrés, Kabáth, Petr, Kane, Stephen R., Knudstrup, Emil, Lubin, Jack, Luque, Rafael, Mireles, Ismael, Narita, Norio, Nespral, David, Niraula, Prajwal, Nowak, Grzegorz, Palle, Enric, Pätzold, Martin, Petigura, Erik A, Prieto-Arranz, Jorge, Rauer, Heike, Robertson, Paul, Rose, Mark E., Roy, Arpita, Sarkis, Paula, Schlieder, Joshua E., Ségransan, Damien, Shectman, Stephen, Skarka, Marek, Smith, Alexis M. S., Smith, Jeffrey C., Stassun, Keivan, Teske, Johanna, Twicken, Joseph D., Van Eylen, Vincent, Wang, Sharon, Weiss, Lauren M., Wyttenbach, Aurélien

论文摘要

We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V=9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the TESS space mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations -- comprised of LCOGT transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics成像和FIES，Coralie，Harps，Hires和PFS高精度多普勒测量值 - 并确认了TESS团队宣布的16天透视候选人的行星性质。我们发现了一个额外的径向速度信号，其周期为5天，这是由于系统中的第二个行星的存在，我们还发现该速度可以传输其宿主恒星。 We found that the inner mini-Neptune, TOI-421b, has an orbital period of Pb =5.19672 +- 0.00049 days, a mass of Mb = 7.17 +- 0.66 Mearth and a radius of Rb = 2.68+0.19-0.18 Rearth, whereas the outer warm Neptune, TOI-421 c, has a period of Pc =16.06819 +- 0.00035天，MC的质量= 16.42+1.06-1.04 Mearth，RC的半径= 5.09+0.16-0.15后部和RHO_C的密度= 0.685+0.685+0.080-0.072 G CM-3。鉴于其特征，内行星（rho_b = 2.05+0.52-0.41 g cm-3）被放置在迷人的超阵容迷你纽扣的类别中。发现TOI-421b和TOI-421C非常适合大气表征。我们的大气模拟预测了由于两个行星中强氢逃逸而导致的明显LY-Alpha传输吸收，并且如果假定平衡化学性质，则在TOI-421C大气中存在可检测的CH_4。

We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V=9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the TESS space mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations -- comprised of LCOGT transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging, and FIES, CORALIE, HARPS, HIRES, and PFS high-precision Doppler measurements -- and confirmed the planetary nature of the 16-day transiting candidate announced by the TESS team. We discovered an additional radial velocity signal with a period of 5 days induced by the presence of a second planet in the system, which we also found to transit its host star. We found that the inner mini-Neptune, TOI-421b, has an orbital period of Pb =5.19672 +- 0.00049 days, a mass of Mb = 7.17 +- 0.66 Mearth and a radius of Rb = 2.68+0.19-0.18 Rearth, whereas the outer warm Neptune, TOI-421 c, has a period of Pc =16.06819 +- 0.00035 days, a mass of Mc = 16.42+1.06-1.04 Mearth, a radius of Rc = 5.09+0.16-0.15 Rearth and a density of rho_c =0.685+0.080-0.072 g cm-3 . With its characteristics the inner planet (rho_b=2.05+0.52-0.41 g cm-3) is placed in the intriguing class of the super-puffy mini-Neptunes. TOI-421b and TOI-421c are found to be well suitable for atmospheric characterization. Our atmospheric simulations predict significant Ly-alpha transit absorption, due to strong hydrogen escape in both planets, and the presence of detectable CH_4 in the atmosphere of TOI-421c if equilibrium chemistry is assumed.

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