论文标题
多个共同发展系统的波动定理
Fluctuation theorems for multiple co-evolving systems
论文作者
论文摘要
所有先前衍生的热力学波动定理（FTS）涉及多个共同发展系统的所有系统都要求每个系统只能在相关的预固定，有限的时间间隔内改变其状态。但是，在许多现实情况下，在系统变化状态的时代是随机确定的，例如，在几乎所有共同发展系统的生物学示例中。时间安排中的这种随机性会大大改变热力学。在这里，我得出了适用的FT，无论时间是否是随机的。这些FT提供了第二定律的新版本，以及所有常规的热力学不确定性关系（TURS）。这些新结果通常比常规版本更强大，这些版本忽略了整个系统如何将整体分解为一组共同发展的系统。此外，即使没有常规TUR的标准（例如，是非平衡稳态），新的TUR通常会界定整体系统的熵产生（EP）。
All previously derived thermodynamic fluctuation theorems (FTs) that concern multiple co-evolving systems have required that each system can only change its state during an associated pre-fixed, limited set of time intervals. However, in many real-world cases the times when systems change their states are randomly determined, e.g., in almost all biological examples of co-evolving systems. Such randomness in the timing drastically modifies the thermodynamics. Here I derive FTs that apply whether or not the timing is random. These FTs provide new versions of the second law, and of all conventional thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs). These new results are often stronger than the conventional versions, which ignore how an overall system may decompose into a set of co-evolving systems. In addition, the new TURs often bound entropy production (EP) of the overall system even if none of the criteria for a conventional TUR (e.g., being a non-equilibrium steady state) hold for that overall system.
