论文标题

通过冗余,提高异质数据中心的性能

Improving the performance of heterogeneous data centers through redundancy

论文作者

Anton, Elene, Ayesta, Urtzi, Jonckheere, Matthieu, Verloop, Ina

论文摘要

我们分析了多类作业和多类服务器系统中冗余的性能。我们假设求职者没有意识到服务器的能力,我们着手研究在哪些情况下冗余可以提高性能。冗余,到达的工作将派遣冗余副本到其所有兼容服务器,并在其一份副本完成服务后立即离开。作为基准比较,我们采用了非冗余系统,其中将作业到达仅路由到一个随机选择的兼容服务器。服务时间通常是分发的,所有工作的副本都是相同的,即具有相同的服务要求。在我们的第一个主要结果中,我们表征了冗余系统的足够和必要的稳定性条件。这种条件与系统类型仅将副本分配到其负载最低的服务器的系统的条件相吻合,并且需要充分服务这些副本。在第二个结果中,我们将冗余系统的稳定区域与没有冗余的稳定区域进行了比较。我们表明,如果服务器的容量足够异质,那么冗余的稳定区域可能比没有冗余的稳定区域大得多。我们将一般解决方案应用于包括冗余D和嵌套模型在内的特定类别的系统,以根据冗余所需的异质性程度得出简单的条件,以提高稳定性。因此,我们的结果首先表明冗余可以改善副本是非i.i.d ..的稳定性,因此可以提高系统的性能。

We analyze the performance of redundancy in a multi-type job and multi-type server system. We assume the job dispatcher is unaware of the servers' capacities, and we set out to study under which circumstances redundancy improves the performance. With redundancy an arriving job dispatches redundant copies to all its compatible servers, and departs as soon as one of its copies completes service. As a benchmark comparison, we take the non-redundant system in which a job arrival is routed to only one randomly selected compatible server. Service times are generally distributed and all copies of a job are identical, i.e., have the same service requirement. In our first main result, we characterize the sufficient and necessary stability conditions of the redundancy system. This condition coincides with that of a system where each job type only dispatches copies into its least-loaded servers, and those copies need to be fully served. In our second result, we compare the stability regions of the system under redundancy to that of no redundancy. We show that if the server's capacities are sufficiently heterogeneous, the stability region under redundancy can be much larger than that without redundancy. We apply the general solution to particular classes of systems, including redundancy-d and nested models, to derive simple conditions on the degree of heterogeneity required for redundancy to improve the stability. As such, our result is the first in showing that redundancy can improve the stability and hence performance of a system when copies are non-i.i.d..

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