论文标题

极端精确的径向速度测量中的太阳污染:缓解有害影响和前景

Solar Contamination in Extreme Precision Radial Velocity Measurements: Deleterious Effects and Prospects for Mitigation

论文作者

Roy, Arpita, Halverson, Sam, Mahadevan, Suvrath, Stefansson, Gudmundur, Monson, Andrew, Logsdon, Sarah E., Bender, Chad F., Blake, Cullen H., Golub, Eli, Gupta, Arvind, Jaehnig, Kurt P., Kanodia, Shubham, Kaplan, Kyle, McElwain, Michael W., Ninan, Joe P., Rajagopal, Jayadev, Robertson, Paul, Schwab, Christian, Terrien, Ryan C., Wang, Sharon Xuesong, Wolf, Marsha J., Wright, Jason T.

论文摘要

太阳污染是由于月光和阳光的大气散射引起的,可能会导致恒星径向速度(RV)测量的系统误差,从而显着降低了〜10cm/s的灵敏度,以检测和表征地球外孢子虫在或近在可居住的阳光恒星中或接近阳光的近似阳光恒星。在使用基于经典掩码或基于模板的互相关技术测量速度时,在可变有效速度偏移量下增加低级光谱污染会引入系统噪声。在这里,我们提出估计未经校正的散射阳光污染引起的RV测量误差的范围。我们使用一致的纤维成像束使用同时使用光谱仪和宽带成像来探索潜在的校正技术,从而可以可靠地将这种误差源可靠地降低至典型恒星观测的光子噪声极限。我们讨论这些模拟,基本假设和缓解机制的局限性。我们还向Wiyn 350万望远镜的Neid Precision RV仪器设计和内置的组件还提供了并内置的组件,以作为社区探索和评估校正技术的持续资源。我们强调,尽管传统上“光明的时间”足以适应RV科学,但在最有趣的系外行星系统上的目标是10厘米/s的精度,可能需要为这些下一代仪器使用较黑的天空。

Solar contamination, due to moonlight and atmospheric scattering of sunlight, can cause systematic errors in stellar radial velocity (RV) measurements that significantly detract from the ~10cm/s sensitivity required for the detection and characterization of terrestrial exoplanets in or near Habitable Zones of Sun-like stars. The addition of low-level spectral contamination at variable effective velocity offsets introduces systematic noise when measuring velocities using classical mask-based or template-based cross-correlation techniques. Here we present simulations estimating the range of RV measurement error induced by uncorrected scattered sunlight contamination. We explore potential correction techniques, using both simultaneous spectrometer sky fibers and broadband imaging via coherent fiber imaging bundles, that could reliably reduce this source of error to below the photon-noise limit of typical stellar observations. We discuss the limitations of these simulations, the underlying assumptions, and mitigation mechanisms. We also present and discuss the components designed and built into the NEID precision RV instrument for the WIYN 3.5m telescope, to serve as an ongoing resource for the community to explore and evaluate correction techniques. We emphasize that while "bright time" has been traditionally adequate for RV science, the goal of 10cm/s precision on the most interesting exoplanetary systems may necessitate access to darker skies for these next-generation instruments.

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