论文标题

关于对称元素的学习集

On Learning Sets of Symmetric Elements

论文作者

Maron, Haggai, Litany, Or, Chechik, Gal, Fetaya, Ethan

论文摘要

从无序的集合中学习是一种基本的学习设置,最近引起了人们越来越多的关注。该领域的研究集中在集合元素由特征向量表示的情况下,而对集合元素本身遵守其对称性的共同情况则不太重视。该情况与众多应用相关,从脱毛的图像爆发到多视图3D形状识别和重建。在本文中,我们提出了一种有原则的学习方法,以学习一般对称元素。我们首先表征了线性层的空间,这些线性在元素重新排序和元素的固有对称性上,例如在图像的情况下进行翻译。我们进一步表明,由这些层组成的网络,称为对称元素(DSS)层的深度集,是不变和均衡函数的通用近似值,并且这些网络严格表现得比暹罗网络更具表现力。 DSS层也很容易实现。最后,我们证明它们在一系列具有图像,图形和点云的实验中,超过了现有的学习架构。

Learning from unordered sets is a fundamental learning setup, recently attracting increasing attention. Research in this area has focused on the case where elements of the set are represented by feature vectors, and far less emphasis has been given to the common case where set elements themselves adhere to their own symmetries. That case is relevant to numerous applications, from deblurring image bursts to multi-view 3D shape recognition and reconstruction. In this paper, we present a principled approach to learning sets of general symmetric elements. We first characterize the space of linear layers that are equivariant both to element reordering and to the inherent symmetries of elements, like translation in the case of images. We further show that networks that are composed of these layers, called Deep Sets for Symmetric Elements (DSS) layers, are universal approximators of both invariant and equivariant functions, and that these networks are strictly more expressive than Siamese networks. DSS layers are also straightforward to implement. Finally, we show that they improve over existing set-learning architectures in a series of experiments with images, graphs, and point-clouds.

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