论文标题
高温量子碱模型的经典模拟
Classical Simulation of High Temperature Quantum Ising Models
论文作者
论文摘要
We consider generalized quantum Ising models, including those which could describe disordered materials or quantum annealers, and we prove that for all temperatures above a system-size independent threshold the path integral Monte Carlo method based on worldline heat-bath updates always mixes to stationarity in time $\mathcal{O}(n \log n)$ for an $n$ qubit system, and therefore provides a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for the partition 功能。每当温度大于四个加四倍的最大相互作用度(价)比所有量子位的最大相互作用程度(价)两倍时,该结果就会成立,以局部耦合强度的单位进行测量。例如,这意味着对超导设备的热状态进行的经典模拟在800 mk以上的温度下始终可能具有最大价值为6的沮丧量子iSing模型,最大价值为6且耦合强度为1 GHz。尽管量子系统处于高温下,但由量子到古典映射产生的经典自旋系统包含强耦合,这会导致单点Glauber动力学缓慢混合,因此该结果取决于使用世界线更新(这是可以有效实现的集群更新的一种形式)。该结果对基于量子iSing模型的平衡状态的各种NISQ设备的模拟模拟中量子优势所需的温度有明确的限制。
We consider generalized quantum Ising models, including those which could describe disordered materials or quantum annealers, and we prove that for all temperatures above a system-size independent threshold the path integral Monte Carlo method based on worldline heat-bath updates always mixes to stationarity in time $\mathcal{O}(n \log n)$ for an $n$ qubit system, and therefore provides a fully polynomial-time approximation scheme for the partition function. This result holds whenever the temperature is greater than four plus twice the maximum interaction degree (valence) over all qubits, measured in units of the local coupling strength. For example, this implies that the classical simulation of the thermal state of a superconducting device modeling a frustrated quantum Ising model with maximum valence of 6 and coupling strengths of 1 GHz is always possible at temperatures above 800 mK. Despite the quantum system being at high temperature, the classical spin system resulting from the quantum-to-classical mapping contains strong couplings which cause the single-site Glauber dynamics to mix slowly, therefore this result depends on the use of worldline updates (which are a form of cluster updates that can be implemented efficiently). This result places definite constraints on the temperatures required for a quantum advantage in analog quantum simulation with various NISQ devices based on equilibrium states of quantum Ising models.