论文标题
H.E.S.S. Cherenkov摄像机的基于花蜜的升级12米望远镜
A NECTAr-based upgrade for the Cherenkov cameras of the H.E.S.S. 12-meter telescopes
论文作者
论文摘要
高能立体系统（H.E.S.S.）是当前正在运行的三个成像大气Cherenkov望远镜（IACTS）的三个阵列之一。它由四个12米望远镜和一个28米的望远镜组成，对伽马射线的敏感范围〜30 GEV-100 TEV。 12米望远镜的相机最近进行了大量升级，目的是提高其性能和稳健性。升级涉及替换除光电倍增管（PMTS）以外的所有相机组件。这意味着为触发，读数，电源，冷却和机械系统以及用于相机控制和数据采集的新软件开发新的硬件。相机中采用了几种新型技术：读数是围绕新的Nectar Digitizer芯片建造的，该芯片是为下一代IACTS开发的；使用FPGA和嵌入式ARM计算机的组合，通过以太网完全控制了相机电子设备；该软件使用现代库，例如Apache Thrift，ZMQ和协议缓冲区。这项工作详细描述了升级的相机的设计和性能。
The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) is one of the three arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs) currently in operation. It is composed of four 12-meter telescopes and a 28-meter one, and is sensitive to gamma rays in the energy range ~30 GeV - 100 TeV. The cameras of the 12-m telescopes recently underwent a substantial upgrade, with the goal of improving their performance and robustness. The upgrade involved replacing all camera components except for the photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). This meant developing new hardware for the trigger, readout, power, cooling and mechanical systems, and new software for camera control and data acquisition. Several novel technologies were employed in the cameras: the readout is built around the new NECTAr digitizer chip, developed for the next generation of IACTs; the camera electronics is fully controlled and read out via Ethernet using a combination of FPGA and embedded ARM computers; the software uses modern libraries such as Apache Thrift, ZMQ and Protocol buffers. This work describes in detail the design and the performance of the upgraded cameras.
